Root Canal Vs. Extraction: Which Is Right For You?

When faced with a severely damaged or infected tooth, you’re likely to hear two main treatment options from your dentist: root canal therapy or tooth extraction. Both procedures aim to resolve pain and prevent the spread of infection, but they differ significantly in approach, cost, recovery, and long-term impact on your oral health. 

At Hamilton Dental Centre, our experienced dentists understand the importance of early identification of a damaged or infected tooth to provide the best possible opportunities for to save the tooth without the need for a root canal or extraction, however, sometimes, this is not possible and one of those treatments is necessary.

Whilst both root canal and tooth extraction can cause a sense of fear, modern dentistry techniques mean that both of these treatments can be carried out in a pain-free way that in the long run, will bring relief and restore function.

Understanding the differences between a root canal and tooth extraction can empower you to make the best decision for your smile. In this post, we talk through the differences and benefits of each technique whilst reviewing the potential short and long-term costs, helping you to understand the key differences and make informed decisions about your dental health.

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Introduction: Root Canal vs. Extraction

Choosing between a root canal and extraction is a pivotal dental decision. Root canal therapy is designed to save your natural tooth, while extraction involves removing the tooth entirely. Each option has unique benefits and drawbacks, and the right choice depends on the condition of your tooth, your oral health goals, and your personal preferences.

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What is the Difference Between Root Canal and Tooth Extraction?

• Root Canal Treatment:
  A root canal involves removing infected or damaged pulp from inside the tooth, cleaning and disinfecting the canal, then sealing it. This preserves the natural tooth structure and function, often followed by placing a crown for protection.
• Tooth Extraction:
  Extraction is the complete removal of a tooth from its socket. This is typically recommended when a tooth is too damaged to be restored or when infection is extensive. After extraction, the gap may need to be filled with a bridge, denture, or implant to restore function and aesthetics.

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Pros and Cons of a Root Canal Treatment

Pros:

• Preserves your natural tooth, maintaining normal chewing and appearance.
• Prevents shifting of adjacent teeth and jawbone loss.
• Typically less painful post-procedure and allows for a quicker return to normal activities.
• High long-term success rate (81–95% after 5 years).

Cons:

• Higher upfront cost compared to extraction.
• Requires multiple dental visits (for treatment and crown placement).
• If the tooth is too damaged, the root canal may fail, requiring extraction later.
• Not suitable for teeth with severe structural damage or lack of bone support.

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Pros and Cons of Tooth Extraction

Pros:

• Immediate removal of pain and infection source.
• Simpler, quicker procedure and lower initial cost.
• May be necessary for teeth that cannot be restored or in cases of severe crowding.

Cons:

• Permanent loss of a natural tooth, which can impact chewing, speech, and appearance.
• Risk of shifting adjacent teeth and jawbone deterioration, potentially leading to bite problems.
• Additional procedures (implants, bridges, dentures) may be needed to fill the gap, increasing long-term costs.
• Longer recovery time and higher risk of complications such as dry socket or infection.

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Which Procedure is More Cost-Effective?

Procedure	Average Cost (NZD)	Long-Term Cost Considerations
Root Canal	$900–$1,600	May require a crown ($1,400–$1,990); preserves tooth, reducing need for future replacements
Extraction	$250–$600	Lower upfront cost, but replacing the tooth with an implant or bridge can add $1,900–$3,200 or more

While extraction is cheaper initially, the total cost can surpass that of a root canal if you opt for a replacement tooth. Root canal therapy, though more expensive upfront, often proves more cost-effective in the long run by preserving your natural tooth and avoiding additional restorative procedures.

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How to Decide: Factors to Consider for Your Oral Health

• Condition of the Tooth:
  If the tooth is structurally sound, a root canal is generally preferred. Severely damaged or decayed teeth may require extraction.
• Long-Term Oral Health:
  Preserving your natural tooth helps maintain jawbone density and prevents shifting of adjacent teeth.
• Cost and Insurance:
  Consider both the immediate and future costs of each procedure, including potential replacements.
• Pain and Recovery:
  Root canals typically involve less post-procedure discomfort and a quicker recovery than extractions.
• Aesthetics and Function:
  Teeth that are visible when you smile are often better preserved with a root canal for cosmetic reasons.
• Personal Preferences and Medical History:
  Discuss your health conditions, anxiety levels, and preferences with your dentist to make an informed decision.

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Conclusion

Both root canal therapy and tooth extraction are effective solutions for treating severely damaged or infected teeth. However, preserving your natural tooth with a root canal is generally preferred for long-term oral health, function, and aesthetics, provided the tooth is salvageable. Extraction is a viable option when a tooth cannot be saved, but it often leads to further dental work and higher long-term costs. Consult with your dentist to determine the best course of action for your specific needs.

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Frequently Asked Questions

Does a Root Canal or Extraction Hurt More?

Both procedures are performed under local anaesthesia and should be pain-free during the treatment. However, extractions tend to cause more post-procedure discomfort and swelling compared to root canals, which typically result in only mild, short-lived discomfort.

How Long is the Recovery Time for Each Procedure?

• Root Canal: Most patients experience mild discomfort for 1–3 days and can resume normal activities quickly.
• Extraction: Recovery is longer, with moderate pain and swelling for 3–7 days, and complete healing takes 1–2 weeks or more.

What Are the Risks of Avoiding Treatment Altogether?

Delaying necessary treatment can lead to severe pain, abscess formation, spread of infection, tooth loss, and even systemic health problems. Early intervention with a root canal or extraction is crucial to prevent complications and maintain oral health.

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If you’re unsure which option is best for you, our team at Hamilton Dental Centre is here to help. Book a consultation to discuss your options and protect your smile for years to come.

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